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Local Law 31 in NYC

Local Law 31 in NYC: Deadlines, Requirements & What It Means for You

Local Law 31 is a critical part of New York City’s lead safety regulations. It requires building owners to complete certified lead-based paint inspections in older residential properties. The goal is simple: identify potential lead hazards and prevent exposure, especially among young children. If you own or manage a rental property built before 1978, this law directly affects you. Understanding the deadlines, inspection rules, and documentation requirements is essential to avoid violations and protect both tenants and your investment.

Understanding Local Law 31

Local Law 31 was enacted in 2020 as part of New York City’s broader effort to reduce childhood lead poisoning. The law expands existing lead regulations by requiring building-wide testing in certain residential properties. Under this law, owners must arrange for certified inspections using X-ray fluorescence technology. This process detects lead-based paint on walls, doors, windows, and other painted components without damaging the surfaces. The focus of the law is prevention. By identifying lead hazards early, the city aims to reduce the risk of exposure before it becomes a health issue.

Buildings Covered by Local Law 31

Properties Built Before 1960

Most residential buildings constructed before 1960 are subject to the law. This includes:
  • Apartment buildings
  • Multifamily rental properties
  • Mixed-use properties with residential units
These structures are considered high-risk because lead paint was widely used during this time.

Properties Built Between 1960 and 1978

Buildings from this period must also comply if:
  • The owner is aware of lead-based paint in the property
Although lead use declined during these years, many buildings still contain hazardous materials.

Main Requirements of the Law

Certified Lead-Based Paint Inspection

Property owners must hire:
  • An EPA-certified lead inspector or risk assessor
  • An independent professional not involved in remediation work
The inspection must use X-ray fluorescence (XRF) testing, which is the approved method for identifying lead-based paint.

Building-Wide Testing

The law requires testing in both private and shared areas. Residential units
  • Every apartment must be inspected
Common areas
  • Hallways
  • Staircases
  • Lobbies
  • Other shared spaces with painted surfaces
This approach ensures that all potential sources of lead are identified, not just those inside individual units.

Rule for Apartments With Children Under Six

If a child under six lives in an apartment:
  • Lead testing must be completed within one year of the child moving in
  • Additional lead-safety requirements may apply, including annual notices and visual checks
This rule is designed to protect children during their most vulnerable developmental stages.

Local Law 31 Deadline

The main compliance deadline for Local Law 31 was: August 9, 2025 By this date, property owners were expected to:
  • Complete all required lead inspections
  • Test apartments and common areas
  • Maintain proper documentation
Owners who did not meet the deadline may face enforcement actions, including violations and financial penalties. If inspections have not yet been completed, they should be scheduled as soon as possible.

Documentation and Record-Keeping

After inspections, owners must:
  • Keep copies of lead inspection reports
  • Maintain records for each unit and common space
  • Provide documents to the NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) when requested
Accurate records are important during:
  • Compliance reviews
  • Property transactions
  • Tenant disputes
  • Legal proceedings

Consequences of Non-Compliance

Ignoring Local Law 31 can result in serious consequences, such as:
  • HPD violations
  • Civil fines that may increase over time
  • Court enforcement actions
  • Greater liability in lead exposure claims
In severe cases, the city may order emergency repairs to correct hazardous conditions.

Health Risks Associated With Lead Exposure

Lead is a toxic material that can cause long-term health problems, particularly in children. Possible effects include:
  • Delayed growth and development
  • Learning and attention difficulties
  • Behavioral problems
  • Damage to the nervous system
  • Reduced cognitive function
Because many lead hazards originate from deteriorating paint, regular inspections are essential in older buildings.

Steps Property Owners Should Take

If your building falls under Local Law 31, the following steps can help ensure compliance:
  • Verify the building’s construction year
  • Determine whether the property is subject to the law
  • Hire an independent EPA-certified inspector
  • Schedule XRF testing for all units and common areas
  • Organize and store all inspection records
Working with experienced providers such as LeadFree NYC Specialists can make the process more efficient and help prevent compliance issues.

Tenant Rights and Expectations

Tenants living in buildings covered by Local Law 31 have certain protections, including the right to:
  • Receive notice before inspections
  • Live in a lead-safe environment
  • Request inspection documentation
  • Report unsafe conditions to HPD
Apartments with children under six may be subject to additional safety measures and faster inspection timelines.

Situations That May Require Lead Inspections

Lead inspections may be triggered by:
  • Upcoming compliance deadlines
  • A young child moving into a unit
  • Property sale or refinancing
  • HPD requests for documentation
  • Issued lead-related violations
Addressing these situations early can help reduce legal and financial risks.

Local Law 31 FAQs

Local Law 31 is a New York City regulation that requires certified lead-based paint inspections in older residential buildings.
Most residential buildings built before 1960 must comply, along with some buildings built between 1960 and 1978 if lead paint is known to be present.
The law requires XRF testing performed by an EPA-certified, independent inspector.
Owners may receive violations, fines, or other enforcement actions.

Final: Thoughts

Local Law 31 is a major step toward safer housing across New York City. For property owners, compliance is about more than avoiding penalties. It also protects tenants, reduces liability, and helps maintain the long-term value of the property. By understanding the law, completing inspections on time, and maintaining proper records, owners can stay compliant and avoid costly issues. If your building still needs testing, scheduling an inspection now is the safest approach. Working with experienced professionals like LeadFree NYC Specialists can help ensure the process is handled correctly and efficiently.
Contact Us:
LeadFree NYC
1385 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
Phone: (347) 809-1360
Email: Kevin@leadfreenyc.co
Website: Leadfreenyc.co

 

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